Noir
20 Dec
## min read

Announcing Noir Beta: Stabler, Faster ZK Applications in the Browser

Meet Noir Beta: a stable, fast, browser-compatible language for zero-knowledge (ZK) applications, advancing blockchain privacy and usability.

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Written by
Jon Wu
Edited by

A Follow Up to Noir's Hit Debut Alpha from 2022

Noir, the universal language for zero-knowledge applications, is now in beta.

Noir was originally created to solve the two-brain problem for ZK circuits: with previous zero knowledge DSL's, developers were required to understand basic cryptography in addition to reasoning about business logic. The way we described it was needing two brains:

  • A cryptography brain to understand proving systems, trusted setups, and some low-level cryptography
  • An app development brain to reason intuitively about public and private state to create novel blockchain applications

After over a year of development since Noir’s alpha release, we’re ready to present a powerful version of Noir that is:

  • Significantly more stable
  • Offers hand-in-glove compatibility with Aztec’s UltraPlonk proving back-end
  • Is browser compatible via NoirJS, a Javascript framework for web applications

If you’ve thought about Noir but wasn’t sure about it’s stability, now’s the time to dive in. While Noir remains unaudited and we warn against production use-cases involving financial assets, we believe the DevEx and feature-suite are mature.

> Discover Noir with Noir Guardians

> Get started with Noir documentation at noir-lang.org

Why Noir?

Noir has never been more fun or usable for writing games, identity solutions, and much more that allow for privacy on-chain:

Noir is Simple.

Noir is designed to be familiar to a wide swath of developers, which is why it’s based on Rust. You won’t feel like you’re learning to program again, you’ll just start programming in ZK.

Noir is Flexible.

Abstract Circuit Intermediate Representation (ACIR) allows for multiple crypto-providing backends. Noir is Aztec network friendly, not Aztec network only. Plug into any crypto backend you’d like.

Noir is Open.

awesome-noir boasts a collection of core cryptographic primitives written by best-in-class cryptographers. Take advantage of what your fellow devs have already built, then pay it forward with your own contributions.

Stability

Versioned releases: Noir comes released with numbered versions, providing its users the flexibility to choose and settle on a certain snapshot of the language and freeing developers’ minds from the need to constantly keep track of breaking changes. Refer to GitHub to learn more.

Continuous integration testing: Noir is developed with a comprehensive set of integration tests that minimizes the probability of unintentionally breaking existing features with new features. Refer to GitHub to learn more.

The Future Features

Over the development cycles since Alpha, numerous features were introduced to the Noir language and Noir's tooling, including but not limited to:

UltraPlonk Integration: The UltraPlonk proving backend by Aztec enables fast proving speeds and gives Noir developers access to natively optimized gadgets like Keccak256 and ECDSA signature verifications. This unlocks a variety of use-cases such as ECrecover, Ethereum Storage Proofs, and zkWebAuthn. Read the announcement to learn more. While UltraPlonk is the default, Noir supports integration with any backends where the community has been developing integrations with the likes of Halo2, Gnark, etc.

NoirJS: A Javascript package for building privacy-preserving applications that work in web browsers. This major milestone essentially means you can build user-ready web apps with Noir. Read the announcement to learn more.

Unconstrained Functions: Noir supports the development of unconstrained functions using the same language syntax. This means developers can define and write computations that execute outside of circuits, enabling more highly optimized circuits and programs. Read the announcement to learn more.

VS Code Extension: This extension helps developers write, understand, and improve Noir code with features such as:

  • Code snippets
  • Auto-formatting
  • Error diagnostics
  • Performance profiling

Read the announcement and download the extension to start using it.

Extended Grammar: From basic control flow like if-else and for-loops to composite data types like structs and traits, Noir supports a wide set of syntaxes that you may expect coming from other programming languages to ease developers building their zero-knowledge applications. Read the Noir docs to learn more.

Standard Library: Re-use trusted and efficient implementations of common primitives without re-implementing cryptography from scratch. Noir comes with a comprehensive standard library covering primitives for hashing, signature verification, merkle proofs, elliptic curve arithmetics, etc. Developed by world class engineers from Aztec Labs and the Noir community, importable right off the shelf. Read the documentation to learn more.

Performance for developers and users

A Noir workflow consists of three stages: Compilation, Execution and Proving.

Compilation is where the user’s program is converted into a sequence of Abstract Circuit Intermediate Representation (ACIR) opcodes for execution and proving that follows. This is done by the Noir compiler, designed with effective circuit optimizing logic and fast compilation.

Execution is where each opcode is executed and the values that each opcode produces is saved, generating proof inputs for proving that follows. This is done by Noir’s Abstract Circuit Virtual Machine (ACVM), a component within the Noir stack.

Proving is where the saved values along with the sequence of opcodes is sent to a proving backend, which generates a proof of the program being executed with said input values. This is done by the proving backend of choice.

Noir enables developers to write, test and compile optimized circuits easily, where they are then handed over to a proving backend of developers’ choice for blazinging fast proving. The default proving backend is the UltraPlonk-based Barretenberg developed and maintained by Aztec Labs.

Benchmarking Primitives

A quick reference of proving times of common Noir primitives are detailed as below:

A Noir user flow typically starts from developers compiling and distributing the compiled artifacts as a part of their applications to users, where users then execute the application and prove their execution. Execute and Prove times combined hence represent what application users are expected to experience when interacting with applications built with Noir.

Note that execution times depend largely on the Noir stack, while circuit sizes and prove times depend largely on the proving backend of choice. The results were gathered using Noir v0.21.0 paired with the default UltraPlonk-based Barretenberg proving backend on M3 Macbook Pro.

UltraPlonk-based Barretenberg contains small fixed costs for circuits that are amortized in complex circuits. For example, a Noir program doing 1 Keccak256 hash has a circuit size of 55k constraints, while a program that does 100 Keccak256 hashes has a circuit size of 1.8m constraints, rather than 5.5m constraints. This also applies when primitives are mix-and-matched, not just when the same primitive is used at scale.

Expect different results if a different proving backend is used, or when Barretenberg undergoes a significant change (e.g. upgrading from UltraPlonk to UltraHonk).

Benchmarking General Programs

As a general reference for cross checking performance of Noir programs not listed above, the compilation, execution and proving times for Noir programs spanning different circuit sizes are detailed below:

The Noir technology stack is the main contributor to compilation and execution times, while the proving backend of choice is the main contributor to proving times.

The benchmarking results were gathered using Noir v0.21.0 paired with the default UltraPlonk-based Barretenberg proving backend on M3 Macbook Pro. Refer to Github for more benchmarking details.

What’s next

Noir is now entering its Beta phase of maturity for developers to start building applications and projects using the language, but that is far from being the destination.

On the road towards production, a vast amount of effort around language features, tooling additions, performance improvements, security audits are continuously being sketched out for the exciting year to come.

If you have been considering developing a Noir project, now is the prime time to start building with the Noir community towards production and launch alongside Noir 1.0.

In Conclusion

We’re proud and excited for you to build with Noir Beta as we have ourselves.

We at Aztec Labs have recently completed rebuilding the entirety of Aztec network’s protocol circuits in Noir (read the announcement to learn more). This is the time for your users to experience on-chain privacy via gaming, voting, identities, and so much more.

Learn Noir on Node Guardians today and check resources and projects on Awesome Noir to get started.

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Aztec Network
Aztec Network
13 Nov
xx min read

The ticker is $AZTEC

We invented the math. We wrote the language. Proved the concept and now, we’re opening registration and bidding for the $AZTEC token today, starting at 3 pm CET. 

The community-first distribution offers a starting floor price based on a $350 million fully diluted valuation (FDV), representing an approximate 75% discount to the implied network valuation (based on the latest valuation from Aztec Labs’ equity financings). The auction also features per-user participation caps to give community members genuine, bid-clearing opportunities to participate daily through the entirety of the auction. 

How to Check Eligibility and Submit Your Bid 

The token auction portal is live at: sale.aztec.network

  • This is the only valid link to the $AZTEC token auction site. Be cautious of phishing scams. No one from the Aztec team will ever contact you directly for seed phrase or private keys. 
  • Visit the site to verify your eligibility and mint a soul-bound NFT that confirms your participation rights. 
  • We have incorporated zero-knowledge proofs into the sale smart contracts by using ZKPassport's Noir circuits to ensure compliant sanctions checks without risking the privacy of our users. 
  • Registration and bidding for early contributors start today, November 13th, at 3 PM CET, with early contributors receiving one day of exclusive access before bidding opens to the general public.
  • The public auction will run from December 2nd, 2025, to December 6th, 2025, at which point tokens can be withdrawn and staked.

Why Are We Doing This? 

We’ve taken the community access that made the 2017 ICO era great and made it even better. 

For the past several months, we've worked closely with Uniswap Labs as core contributors on the CCA protocol, a set of smart contracts that challenge traditional token distribution mechanisms to prioritize fair access, permissionless, on-chain access to community members and the general public pre-launch. This means that on day 1 of the unlock, 100% of the community's $AZTEC tokens will be unlocked.

This model is values-aligned with our Core team and addresses the current challenges in token distribution, where retail participants often face unfair disadvantages against whales and institutions that hold large amounts of money. 

Early contributors and long-standing community members, including genesis sequencers, OG Aztec Connect users, network operators, and community members, can start bidding today, ahead of the public auction, giving those who are whitelisted a head start and early advantage for competitive pricing. Community members can participate by visiting the token sale site to verify eligibility and mint a soul-bound NFT that confirms participation rights. 

To read more about Aztec’s fair-access token sale, visit the economic and technical whitepapers and the token regulatory report.

Discount Price Disclaimer: Any reference to a prior valuation or percentage discount is provided solely to inform potential purchasers of how the initial floor price for the token sale was calculated. Equity financing valuations were determined under specific circumstances that are not comparable to this offering. They do not represent, and should not be relied upon as, the current or future market value of the tokens, nor as an indication of potential returns. The price of tokens may fluctuate substantially, the token may lose its value in part or in full, and purchasers should make independent assessments without reliance on past valuations. No representation or warranty is made that any purchaser will achieve profits or recover the purchase price.

Information for Persons in the UK: This communication is directed only at persons outside the UK. Persons in the UK are not permitted to participate in the token sale and must not act upon this communication.

MiCA Disclaimer: Any crypto-asset marketing communications made from this account have not been reviewed or approved by any competent authority in any Member State of the European Union. Aztec Foundation as the offeror of the crypto-asset is solely responsible for the content of such crypto-asset marketing communications. The Aztec MiCA white paper has been published and is available here. The Aztec Foundation can be contacted at hello@aztec.foundation or +41 41 710 16 70. For more information about the Aztec Foundation, visit https://aztec.foundation.

Aztec Network
Aztec Network
28 Oct
xx min read

Your Favorite DeFi Apps, Now With Privacy

Every time you swap tokens on Uniswap, deposit into a yield vault, or vote in a DAO, you're broadcasting your moves to the world. Anyone can see what you own, where you trade, how much you invest, and when you move your money.

Tracking and analysis tools like Chainalysis and TRM are already extremely advanced, and will only grow stronger with advances in AI in the coming years. The implications of this are that the ‘pseudo-anonymous’ wallets on Ethereum are quickly becoming linked to real-world identities. This is concerning for protecting your personal privacy, but it’s also a major blocker in bringing institutions on-chain with full compliance for their users. 

Until now, your only option was to abandon your favorite apps and move to specialized privacy-focused apps or chains with varying degrees of privacy. You'd lose access to the DeFi ecosystem as you know it now, the liquidity you depend on, and the community you're part of. 

What if you could keep using Uniswap, Aave, Yearn, and every other app you love, but with your identity staying private? No switching chains. Just an incognito mode for your existing on-chain life? 

If you’ve been following Aztec for a while, you would be right to think about Aztec Connect here, which was hugely popular with $17M TVL and over 100,000 active wallets, but was sunset in 2024 to focus on bringing a general-purpose privacy network to life. 

Read on to learn how you’ll be able to import privacy to any L2, using one of the many privacy-focused bridges that are already built. 

The Aztec Network  

Aztec is a fully decentralized, privacy-preserving L2 on Ethereum. You can think of Aztec as a private world computer with full end-to-end programmable privacy. A private world computer extends Ethereum to add optional privacy at every level, from identity and transactions to the smart contracts themselves. 

On Aztec, every wallet is a smart contract that gives users complete control over which aspects they want to make public or keep private. 

Aztec is currently in Testnet, but will have multiple privacy-preserving bridges live for its mainnet launch, unlocking a myriad of privacy preserving features.

Bringing Privacy to You

Now, several bridges, including Wormhole, TRAIN, and Substance, are connecting Aztec to other chains, adding a privacy layer to the L2s you already use. Think of it as a secure tunnel between you and any DeFi app on Ethereum, Arbitrum, Base, Optimism, or other major chains.

Here's what changes: You can now use any DeFi protocol without revealing your identity. Furthermore, you can also unlock brand new features that take advantage of Aztec’s private smart contracts, like private DAO voting or private compliance checks. 

Here's what you can do:

  • Use DeFi without revealing your portfolio: trade on Uniswap or deposit into Yearn without broadcasting your strategy to the world
  • Donate to causes without being tracked: support projects on Base without linking donations to your identity
  • Vote in DAOs without others seeing your choices: participate in governance on Arbitrum while keeping your votes private
  • Prove you're legitimate without doxxing yourself: pass compliance checks or prove asset ownership without revealing which specific assets you hold
  • Access exclusive perks without revealing which NFTs you own: unlock token-gated content on Optimism without showing your entire collection

The apps stay where they are. Your liquidity stays where it is. Your community stays where it is. You just get a privacy upgrade.

How It Actually Works 

Let's follow Alice through a real example.

Alice wants to invest $1,000 USDC into a yield vault on Arbitrum without revealing her identity. 

Step 1: Alice Sends Funds Through Aztec

Alice moves her funds into Aztec's privacy layer. This could be done in one click directly in the app that she’s already using if the app has integrated one of the bridges. Think of this like dropping a sealed envelope into a secure mailbox. The funds enter a private space where transactions can't be tracked back to her wallet.

Step 2: The Funds Arrive at the DeFi Vault

Aztec routes Alice's funds to the Yearn vault on Arbitrum. The vault sees a deposit and issues yield-earning tokens. But there's no way to trace those tokens back to Alice's original wallet. Others can see someone made a deposit, but they have no idea who.

Step 3: Alice Gets Her Tokens Back Privately

The yield tokens arrive in Alice's private Aztec wallet. She can hold them, trade them privately, or eventually withdraw them, without anyone connecting the dots.

Step 4: Alice Earns Yield With Complete Privacy

Alice is earning yield on Arbitrum using the exact same vault as everyone else. But while other users broadcast their entire investment strategy, Alice's moves remain private. 

The difference looks like this:

Without privacy: "Wallet 0x742d...89ab deposited $5,000 into Yearn vault at 2:47 PM"

With Aztec privacy: "Someone deposited funds into Yearn vault" (but who? from where? how much? unknowable).

In the future, we expect apps to directly integrate Aztec, making this experience seamless for you as a user. 

The Developers Behind the Bridges 

While Aztec is still in Testnet, multiple teams are already building bridges right now in preparation for the mainnet launch.

Projects like Substance Labs, Train, and Wormhole are creating connections between Aztec and major chains like Optimism, Unichain, Solana, and Aptos. This means you'll soon have private access to DeFi across nearly every major ecosystem.

Aztec has also launched a dedicated cross-chain catalyst program to support developers with grants to build additional bridges and apps. 

Unifying Liquidity Across Ethereum L2s

L2s have sometimes received criticism for fragmenting liquidity across chains. Aztec is taking a different approach. Instead, Aztec is bringing privacy to the liquidity that already exists. Your funds stay on Arbitrum, Optimism, Base, wherever the deepest pools and best apps already live. Aztec doesn't compete for liquidity, it adds privacy to existing liquidity.

You can access Uniswap's billions in trading volume. You can tap into Aave's massive lending pools. You can deposit into Yearn's established vaults, all without moving liquidity away from where it's most useful.

The Future of Private DeFi

We’re rolling out a new approach to how we think about L2s on Ethereum. Rather than forcing users to choose between privacy and access to the best DeFi applications, we’re making privacy a feature you can add to any protocol you're already using. As more bridges go live and applications integrate Aztec directly, using DeFi privately will become as simple as clicking a button—no technical knowledge required, no compromise on the apps and liquidity you depend on.

While Aztec is currently in testnet, the infrastructure is rapidly taking shape. With multiple bridge providers building connections to major chains and a dedicated catalyst program supporting developers, the path to mainnet is clear. Soon, you'll be able to protect your privacy while still participating fully in the Ethereum ecosystem. 

If you’re a developer and want a full technical breakdown, check out this post. To stay up to date with the latest updates for network operators, join the Aztec Discord and follow Aztec on X.

Aztec Network
Aztec Network
22 Oct
xx min read

Bringing Private Over-The-Counter (OTC) Swaps to Crypto

Transparent OTC Trades Are Holding the Industry Back

OTC trading is fundamental to how crypto markets function. It enables better price negotiations than what you'll find on public order books and facilitates trading of illiquid assets that barely exist on exchanges. Without OTC markets, institutional crypto trading would be nearly impossible. But here's the massive problem: every single OTC transaction leaves a permanent, public trace. 

Let's say you're a fund manager who needs to sell 1,000 BTC for USDC on Base. In a traditional OTC trade, your Bitcoin leaves your wallet and becomes visible to everyone on Bitcoin's blockchain. Through cross-chain settlement, USDC then arrives in your Base wallet, which is also visible to everyone on Base's blockchain. 

At this point, block explorers and analytics firms can connect these transactions through pattern analysis. As a result, your trading patterns, position sizes, and timing become public data, exposing your entire strategy.

This isn't just about privacy; transparent OTC creates serious operational and strategic risks. These same concerns have moved a significant portion of traditional markets to private off-exchange trades. 

Why Traditional Finance Moved to Private Markets

In TradFi, institutions don't execute large trades on public order books for many reasons. In fact, ~13% of all stocks in the US are now traded in dark pools, and more than 50% of trades are now off-exchange. 

They use private networks, dark pools, and OTC desks specifically because:

  • Strategy Protection: Your competitors can't front-run your moves
  • Better Execution: No market impact from revealing large positions
  • Regulatory Compliance: Meet reporting requirements without public disclosure
  • Operational Security: Protect proprietary trading algorithms and relationships

While OTC trading is already a major part of the crypto industry, without privacy, true institutional participation will never be practical. 

Now, Aztec is making this possible. 

Moving Whale-Sized Bags Privately on Aztec

We built an open-source private OTC trading system using Aztec Network's programmable privacy features. Because Aztec allows users to have private, programmable, and composable private state, users aren’t limited to only owning and transferring digital assets privately, but also programming and composing them via smart contracts.

If you’re new to Aztec, you can think of the network as a private world computer, with full end-to-end programmable privacy. A private world computer extends Ethereum to add optional privacy at every level, from identity and transactions to the smart contracts themselves. 

To build a private OTC desk, we leveraged all these tools provided by Aztec to implement a working proof of concept. Our private OTC desk is non-custodial and leverages private smart contracts and client-side proving to allow for complete privacy of the seller and buyer of the OTC.

How It Actually Works

For Sellers:

  1. Deploy a private escrow contract (only you know it exists at this stage)
  2. Initialize contract and set the terms (asset type, quantity, price)
  3. Deposit your assets into the contract
  4. After it’s been deployed, call a private API (the order book service)

For Buyers:

  1. Discover available orders through our privacy-preserving API
  2. Select trades that match your criteria
  3. Complete the seller's partial note with your payment
  4. Execute atomic swap – you get their assets, they get your payment

The Magic: Partial Notes are the technical breakthrough that make collaborative, asynchronous private transactions possible. Sellers create incomplete payment commitments that buyers can finish without revealing the seller's identity. It's like leaving a blank check that only the right person can cash, but neither party knows who the other is.

Privacy guarantees include: 

  • Complete Privacy: Neither party knows who they're trading with
  • Strategy Protection: Your trading patterns stay private
  • Market Impact Minimization: No public signals about large movements
  • Non-custodial: Direct peer-to-peer settlement, no intermediaries

Key Innovations

Private Contract Deployment: Unlike public decentralized exchanges where smart contracts are visible on the blockchain, the escrow contracts in this system are deployed privately, meaning that only the participants involved in the transaction know these contracts exist.

Partial Note Mechanism: This system uses cryptographic primitives that enable incomplete commitments to be finalized or completed by third parties, all while preventing those third parties from revealing or accessing any pre-existing information that was part of the original commitment.

Privacy-Preserving Discovery: The orderflow service maintains knowledge of aggregate trading volumes and overall market activity, but it cannot see the details of individual traders, including their specific trade parameters or personal identities.

Atomic Execution: The smart contract logic is designed to ensure that both sides of a trade occur simultaneously in a single atomic operation, meaning that if any part of the transaction fails, the entire transaction is rolled back and neither party's assets are transferred.

Build with us!

Our prototype for this is open-sourced here, and you can read about the proof of concept directly from the developer here

We're inviting teams to explore, fork, and commercialize this idea. The infrastructure for private institutional trading needs to exist, and Aztec makes it possible today. Whether you're building a private DEX, upgrading your OTC desk, or exploring new DeFi primitives, this codebase is your starting point. 

The traditional finance world conducts trillions in private OTC trades. It's time to bring that scale to crypto, privately.

To stay up to date with the latest updates for network operators, join the Aztec Discord and follow Aztec on X.

Aztec Network
Aztec Network
15 Oct
xx min read

Your Private Money Yearns for a Private Economy

Watch this: Alice sends Zcash. Bob receives USDC on Aztec. Nobody, not even the system facilitating it, knows who Alice or Bob are.

And Bob can now do something with that money. Privately.

This is the connection between private money and a private economy where that money can actually be used.

Zcash has already achieved something monumental: truly private money. It’s the store of value that Bitcoin promised (but made transparent). Like, digital gold that actually stays hidden.

But here's the thing about gold - you don't buy coffee with gold bars. You need an economy where that value can flow, work, and grow. Privately.

Money Under the Mattress

While other projects are trying to bolt privacy onto existing chains as an afterthought, Zcash is one of the oldest privacy projects in Web3. It's achieved what dozens of projects are still chasing: a truly private store of value.

Total Shielded ZEC Value (USD): Sep 16 - Oct 14 | Source: zkp.baby/

This is critical infrastructure for freedom. The ability to store value privately is a fundamental right, a hedge against surveillance, and a given when using cash. We need a system that provides the same level of privacy guarantees as cash. Right now, there's over $1.1 billion sitting in Zcash's shielded pool, private wealth that's perfectly secure but essentially frozen.

Why frozen? Because the moment that shielded $ZEC tries to do anything beyond basic transfers: earn yield, get swapped for stablecoins, enter a liquidity pool, it must expose itself. The privacy in this format is destroyed.

This isn't Zcash's failure. They built exactly what they set out to build: the world's best private store of value. The failure is that the rest of crypto hasn't built where that value can actually work.

The Privacy Landscape Has an Imbalance

What happens when you want to do more than just send money? What happens when you want privacy after you transfer your money?

Private Digital Money (i.e., “Transfer Privacy,” largely solved by Zcash):

  • Zcash: est. 2016
  • Everyone else: building variants of digital money at the transaction or identity level
    • Monero
    • Ethereum privacy pools
    • 0xbow
    • Payy
    • Every privacy stablecoin project
    • Every confidential L2
    • Every privacy project you've ever heard of

Private World Computer (i.e., After-the-Transfer Privacy):

  • Aztec

Everyone else is competing to build better ways to hide money. Zcash has already built the private store of value, and Aztec has built the only way to use hidden money.

The Locked Liquidity Problem

Here's the trillion-dollar question: What good is private money if you can't use it?

Right now, Zcash's shielded pool contains billions in value. This is money in high-security vaults. But unlike gold in vaults that can be collateralized, borrowed against, or deployed, this private value just sits there.

Every $ZEC holder faces two impossible choices:

  1. Keep it shielded and forfeit all utility
  2. Unshield it to use it and forfeit all privacy

Our demo breaks this false sense of choice. For the first time, shielded value can move to a place where it remains private AND becomes useful.

The Private World Computer

Here's how you can identify whether you’re dealing with a private world computer, or just private digital money:

Without a private world computer (every other privacy solution):

  • Receive salary privately → Can't invest it
  • Store savings privately → Can't earn yield
  • Send money privately → Recipient can't use it privately

With a private world computer (only Aztec):

  • Receive salary privately → Invest it privately
  • Store savings privately → Earn APY privately
  • Send payment privately → Recipient spends it privately

This is basic financial common sense. Your money should grow. It should work. It should be useful.

The technical reality is that this requires private smart contracts. Aztec is building the only way to interact privately with smart contracts. These smart contracts themselves can remain completely hidden. Your private money can finally do what money is supposed to do: work for you.

What We Actually Built

Our demo proves these two worlds can connect:

  1. The Vault: Zcash
  2. The Engine: Aztec (where private money becomes useful)

We built the bridge between storing privately and doing privately.

The technical innovation - "partial notes" - are like temporary lockboxes that self-destruct after one use. Money can be put privately into these lockboxes, and a key can be privately handed to someone to unlock it. No one knows who put the money in, where the key came from, or who uses the key. You can read more about how they work here. But what matters isn't the mechanism. 

What matters is that Alice's Zcash can become Bob's working capital on Aztec without anyone knowing about either of them.

As a result, Bob receives USDC that he can:

  • Earn yield on
  • Trade with
  • Pay suppliers with
  • Build a business on
  • All privately

Why This Required Starting from Scratch (and 8 years of building)

You can't bolt privacy onto existing systems. You can't take Ethereum and make it private. You can't take a transparent smart contract platform and add privacy as a feature.

Aztec had to be built from the ground up as a private world computer because after-the-transfer privacy requires rethinking everything:

  • How state is managed
  • How contracts execute
  • How proofs are generated
  • How transactions are ordered

This is why there's only one name building fully private smart contracts. From the beginning, Aztec has been inspired by the work Zcash has done to create a private store of value. That’s what led to the vision for a private world computer.

Everyone else is iterating on the same transfer privacy problem. Aztec solves a fundamentally different problem.

The Obvious Future

Once you see it, you can't unsee it: Privacy without utility is only the first step.

Every privacy project will eventually need what Aztec built. Because their users will eventually ask: "Okay, my money is private... now what?"

  • Zcash users will want their $ZEC to earn yield
  • Privacy pool users will want to do more than just mix
  • Private stablecoin users will want to actually… use their stablecoins

This demo that connects Zcash to Aztec is the first connection between the old world (private transfers) and the new world (private everything else).

What This Means

For Zcash Holders: Your shielded $ZEC can finally do something without being exposed.

For Developers: Stop trying to build better mattresses to hide money under. Start building useful applications on the only platform that keeps them private. 

For the Industry: The privacy wars are over. There's transfer privacy (solved by Zcash) and after-the-transfer privacy (just Aztec).

What’s Next? 

This demo is live. The code is open source. The bridge between private money and useful private money exists.

But this is just the beginning. Every privacy project needs this bridge. Every private payment network needs somewhere for those payments to actually be used.

We're not competing with transfer privacy. We're continuing it.

Your private money yearns for the private economy.

Welcome to after-the-transfer privacy. Welcome to Aztec.